An analysis on How Human Behaviour is shaped by Life Philosophies and Well Being

An analysis on How Human Behaviour is shaped by Life Philosophies and Well Being â€Å"Is Life Nasty, Brutish, and Short? Philosophies of Life and Well-Being† (Aknin, Arikm, Dunn Norton 2011) addresses how the general public supports Hobbes’s view that life is short and hard (Kant, 1983) impacting well-being and civic involvement of individuals. The authors based their research on the notion that civic organizations were necessary in protecting the people’s well-being given their brutish nature.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on An analysis on How Human Behaviour is shaped by Life Philosophies and Well Being specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article explores Hobbes’s view in association with lower happiness, the relationship of life philosophies to civic engagement and subjective life beliefs shape people’s participation in the world. The authors conducted surveys in testing out their hypothesis asking questions on participants’ outlook in li fe, philosophies and beliefs. They recruited random people from different parts of the world with diverse life experiences and principles. In defining their key variables they asked different sets of questions for each study. The study proved that people who saw life as short and hard are least happy, have less engagement in civic duties and saw themselves experiencing bad events from the past recurring in the future. The authors were able to solidify their claims through the results of their experiments. By conducting random surveys, the authors were able to create a platform of fairness by eradicating biases that may occur among their critics. The research indicates that human behaviour in general is relative to individual’s personal philosophy. The study shows that a person’s well-being is closely associated with his personal outlook in life and how he lives it. Human behaviour is shaped by such philosophy resulting to his involvement in the society. In conducting t he study since philosophies were discussed, why was religion not included in the survey? References Aknin L.B. , Dunn E.W. , Norton M.I. Arikm L. (2011). Is Life Nasty, Brutish, and Short? Philosophies of Life and Well-Being. Social Psychological and Personality Science. Kant, I. (1795/1983). Perpetual peace and other essays on politics, history, and morals (Ted Humphrey, Trans.). Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing.Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Pulque, Ancient Mesoamerican Sacred Drink

Pulque, Ancient Mesoamerican Sacred Drink Pulque is a viscous, milk-colored, alcoholic beverage produced by fermenting the sap obtained by the maguey plant. Until the 19th and 20th century, it was probably the most widespread alcoholic beverage in Mexico. In ancient Mesoamerica pulque was a beverage restricted to certain groups of people and to certain occasions. The consumption of pulque was linked to feasting and ritual ceremonies, and many Mesoamerican cultures produced a rich iconography illustrating the production and consumption of this beverage. The Aztec called this beverage ixtac octli which means white liquor. The name pulque is probably a corruption of the term octli poliuhqui, or over-fermented or spoiled liquor. Pulque Production The juicy sap, or aguamiel, is extracted from the plant. An agave plant is productive for up to a year and,  usually, the sap is collected twice a day. Neither fermented pulque nor the straight aguamiel can be stored for a  long time; the liquor needs to be consumed quickly and even the processing place needs to be close to the field. The fermentation starts in the plant itself  since the microorganisms occurring naturally in the maguey plant start the process of transforming the sugar into alcohol. The fermented sap was traditionally collected using dried bottle gourds, and it was then poured into large ceramic jars where the seeds of the plant were added to accelerate the fermentation process. Among the Aztecs/Mexica, pulque was a highly desired item, obtained through tribute. Many codices refer to the importance of this drink for nobility and priests, and its role in Aztec economy. Pulque Consumption In ancient Mesoamerica, pulque was consumed during feasting or ritual ceremonies and was also offered to the gods. Its consumption was strictly regulated. Ritual drunkenness was allowed only by priests and warriors, and commoners were permitted to drink it only during certain occasions. Elderly and occasionally pregnant woman were allowed to drink it. In the Quetzalcoatl myth, the god is tricked into drinking pulque and his drunkenness caused him to be banished and exiled from his land. According to indigenous and colonial sources, different types of pulque existed, often flavored with other ingredients such as chili peppers. Pulque Imagery Pulque is depicted in Mesoamerican iconography as white foam emerging from small, rounded pots and vessels. A small stick, similar to a straw, is often depicted within the drinking pot, probably representing a stirring instrument used to produce the foam. Images of pulque-making are recorded in many codices, murals and even rock carvings, such as the ball court at El Tajin. One of the most famous representations of the pulque drinking ceremony is at the pyramid of Cholula, in Central Mexico. The Mural of the Drinkers In 1969, a 180 feet long mural was discovered by accident in the pyramid of Cholula. The collapse of a wall exposed part of the mural buried at a depth of almost 25 feet. The mural, dubbed the Mural of the Drinkers, portrays a feasting scene with figures wearing elaborate turbans and masks drinking pulque and performing other ritual activities. It has been suggested that the scene portrays pulque deities. The origin of pulque is narrated in many myths, most of them linked to the goddess of maguey, Mayahuel. Other deities directly related to pulque were the got Mixcoatl and the Centzon Totochtin (the 400 rabbits), sons of Mayahuel associated with the pulque’s effects. Sources Bye, Robert A., and Edelmina Linares, 2001, Pulque, in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures, vol. 1, edited by David Carrasco, Oxford University Press.pp: 38-40 Taube, Karl, 1996, Las Origines del Pulque, Arqueologà ­a Mexicana, 4 (20): 71

Regional policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Regional policing - Essay Example A recent manual promoting regional policing cites seven advantages of regional policing as compared to the previous system of devolved units: i) Improvement in the Uniformity and Consistency of Police Enforcement, ii) Improvements in the Coordination of Law Enforcement Services, iii) Improvement in the Distribution and Deployment of Police Personnel, iv) Improvement in Training and Personnel Efficiency, v) Improved Police Management and Supervision, vi) Reduced Costs and vii) Improved Career Enhancement Opportunities for Police Officers. (Regional Police Services, 2011, pp. 3-4). There are also some accepted disadvantages and these are a) Loss of Local Non-enforcement Services, b) Loss of Local Control and c) Loss of Citizen Contact. A close analysis of the advantages reveals that the main beneficiaries of regional policing are the government departments, and of course the taxpayers who fund them, because regional policing reduces costs and makes efficiency gains. It could also be argued that more uniformity and consistency, along with better management and supervision of personnel results in a fairer and more effective police force, which again benefits the taxpayer. The creation of bigger units of service delivery also benefits police personnel, because there is a greater potential to move sideways to try different roles and gain more experience, and to apply for promotion. The downside of emphasizing regional policing over local or community policing, is that some traditional practices, such as the use of police for particular local non-law enforcement functions, such as those related to parking and permits, may no longer involve police. This removes the reassurance of police presence from the public space, and results in lower visibility and perhaps also a reduced linkage between the local people and their police force. In a way regional policing

Forecast analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Forecast analysis - Essay Example Therefore, using the finding for Merica 1, these parameters are tightly fitted to the regression line, besides; the relationship is positive and strongly related. For that reason, in every real GDP forecasted, time and average price are strongly and positively affecting the real GDP and vice-versa. The adjusted R2showed the total variability accounted by the model. This refers to the proportion of finding the variables that the model would account for, or the proportion the model can explain. For Merica 1, the adjusted R2 was 0.99996. The value indicated that a significant percentage of the variables could b explained by the model (99.996%). The coefficient of determinant or estimate is defined as the rate at which conditional means change. Average price reported the highest changes in the conditional mean compared to other variables. However, time and real GDP reported negative value. Negative coefficient of determinants shows that the expected forecast of the dependent variable would be below zero when the independent or predictor variables were set at zero. The finding from this model indicates the presence of statistical significance linear dependency of the means for time, real GDP and average price. The standard errors are inferential statistics obtained by dividing standard deviation by the square root of the sample population. Therefore, the larger the error, the smaller the sample size, it is an estimate of the association between the sample population and the standard deviation. Real GDP reported the lowest standard error as opposed to the average price that had the highest error (smallest sample size). During the financial year 5, there was a sustained increase in the industry sales from 527000 units in the first quarter to 595000 in the second quarter for both Merica 1 and Merica 2. The value reduced to 550000 units in the third quarter but later increased to 719000units in the last quarter for both. The

Roland Emmerichs The Patriot - An Open Letter to Mr. Mel Gibson :: Movies Film

Roland Emmerich's The Patriot - An Open Letter to Mr. Mel Gibson Dear Mel , Having read the avalanche of outraged articles in the UK press that preceded the UK launch of â€Å"The Patriot†, I readily admit that I was expecting to see a distinctly anti-British Movie. One such headline complains for example about a â€Å"blood libel on the British People†. Some considerable way into the film (which, putting the controversy to one side, was otherwise enjoyable), I found myself questioning whether such criticism was justified. Characters on both sides, including the character you were playing, Benjamin Martin, were portrayed as being responsible for some shameful actions. I really was beginning to question what the fuss was all about. I then watched the scene where Redcoats are depicted as sadists hanging old people. Later came the chilling episode in the Church, when Redcoat soldiers on the orders of the films main villain, Colonel William Tavington (partly modelled on the real-life Redcoat, Colonel Tarleton), deliberately locked a large number of the Colonials, including women and children, inside, before the Church was set ablaze. It was clear from the following scenes that all of the incarcerated victims were burnt to death in the most horrific circumstances. To say the least, this episode was unfortunate, as in reality, no such incident ever occurred. Are there not enough grounds for causing bad feeling without inventing atrocities purely for entertainment value? And having said that, I personally, don't even find the aforementioned scenes entertaining. The Brits are inevitably the first and sometimes the only Country to support America, whatever the circumstances or adversity. It is therefore even more disturbing that the close friendship between two peoples should be potentially damaged purely for commercial purposes. You always seem to be a decent man whenever I have seen you being interviewed. It may hopefully be the case that if indeed you have received the mega millions quoted for playing the lead role, you were perhaps unaware of the fact that history was being fabricated at the expense of the truth. According to what I have read about the history of that unfortunate period, there was surely enough wrongdoing on both sides, without having to invent such horrific events with the British being portrayed as outright sadists. I have read a comment attributed to you in a UK film magazine called â€Å"Total Film† in which you apparently made the following comment about your character†¦ â€Å"it’s based on historical fact but it’s got some stretches in it.

Comparing Pride and Prejudice to Macbeth

In the first few chapters of ‘Pride and Prejudice’, Jane Austen portrays Fitzwilliam Darcy as: â€Å"so high and conceited†, â€Å"a most disagreeable man† and possessed of â€Å"shocking madness†. This is conveyed to the audience through Elizabeth Bennet’s eavesdropping and the Bennet family’s first impression of Darcy. At the start of ‘Macbeth’ however, the central character, Macbeth, is portrayed by William Shakespeare as a hero. In Scotland he is loved, trusted and admired: â€Å"Oh valiant cousin, worthy gentleman†, â€Å"brave Macbeth†.Nevertheless by the end of both works, the audience’s own opinion of each character has changed to the complete opposite. Their opinion has been altered by the authors who try to confute the audience’s initial understanding of both characters. Many characters throughout ‘Pride and Prejudice’ change in one way or another. They especially change ot her people’s impressions of them. A good example of this is Mr Wickham. When Wickham is first introduced into the novel, he is portrayed as a good, kind man who was unfortunate enough to have lived with Darcy: â€Å"Wickham was the happy man towards whom almost every female eye was turned†¦ As the novel progresses Elizabeth begins to find out about his true characteristics. The way in which Jane Austen changes our opinion of Wickham is initially through the letter that Darcy sends to Elizabeth after she has declined his first offer of marriage. The letter she receives explains why Darcy dislikes Wickham. It tells her of the ungentleman like things that Wickham has done in the past. It explains how he became a â€Å"wild one† as one of Darcy’s housemaids told Elizabeth when she made a visit to Pemberley.On the other hand in ‘Macbeth’, the character who undergoes the most change throughout the play is in fact Macbeth himself. At first, he was a very honourable and noble man, both on and off the battlefields of Scotland. This is shown we he is appointed to becoming Thane of Cawdor: â€Å"He bade me, from him, call thee Thane of Cawdor†. Macbeth however, was a very ambitious man as well, and this was part of the reason for his change of character and downfall: â€Å"I have no spur†¦but only vaulting ambition which o’erleaps itself†.It was Shakespeare’s portrayal of Macbeth’s ambition that allowed him to have the ability to change the audience’s opinion of Macbeth completely. Pushed by the idea that he could become king, his growing ambition and misplace confidence in the prophecies and Lady Macbeth, Macbeth begins to become an evil, murderous tyrant lacking any sense of mind. Another way in which Jane Austen changes ideas and characters in ‘Pride and Prejudice’ is through the actions and words of Mr Bennet. Mr Bennet undergoes one of the most significant changes thr oughout the course of the novel.When he is first introduced he is one of the primary characters offering comic relief and as the beginning of the story progresses, we see that his primary characteristics revolve around poking fun at his wife; â€Å"I have the utmost respect for your nerves. They've been my constant companion these twenty years. † He also stays aloof from his daughters, and does not care about serious matters of love. As the novel progresses, most especially after Lydia's elopement and arranged marriage, we see Mr. Bennet's character begin to change.The weight of his careless attitude finally sits heavy enough on his shoulders that he can no longer ignore it. While he still pokes fun at his wife, he understands that his daughters need a firm father if they are to curb their wild natures. With Lydia, it was too late, but he wasted no time in turning on Kitty and immediately laying down the law of his house: â€Å" This shows the audience that he realises that he hasn’t brought up his daughters how he wanted to and her wants to change that with kitty.

Racism In America Essay - 1515 Words

1. What factors supported racism in the United States in the time of Jackie Robinson’s birth? a. During the time of Jackie Robinson’s birth the United States was seeing lots of racial tension. The racial tension during this time had many different factors that seemed to lead up to it. Much of it began during World War I when many African American people moved from the southern states to the northern states to compete for jobs. With many of the white men being away at war, it left many job opportunities open for the African American people. Many of them mainly went to the city of Chicago to take the open jobs that were there. When the white men returned from war they were enraged that all of the jobs they had before were took by African†¦show more content†¦People begged officers to arrest the assailant of Eugene but the police refused. This sparked riots in many other cities which lead to 23 African deaths, 15 white deaths, 537 injured and left over 1,000 homeless due to the arson. 2. What factors made Jackie Robinson’s prospect so grim when he was born in Georgia in 1919? a. When Jackie Robinson was born, things around him were not so bright. Racial tensions were at an all-time high, a horrendous flu epidemic had broken out killing over 550,000 people in the United States alone, and the Ku Klux Klan was running rampant once again. One of the grimmest factors was about a year after his birth, his father decides to leave his mother for the woman next door and leaves his mother alone to support him and his other siblings. Also, during this time the Ku Klux Klan could perform public lynching on African American people. They would burn down houses, hang men, shot them, and humiliate them in front of crowds of lower class white people. These factors made living during this time very grim. 3. Why did Robinson choose UCLA for his final year of college? Why did not finish? a. As his time at Pasadena Junior College drew closer to an end many great universities began to pursue Jackie Robinson because of his ability to play sports. Stanford was one of leading colleges that was very interested in recruiting Jackie to play forShow MoreRelatedRacism In America Essay816 Words   |  4 PagesParliament attempted to impose order with various laws. A more unified American character and identity began to emerge in the colonies. The Enlightenments political thought influenced Americans and its followers scientific inquiries created a sense of America as a place profoundly different from Europe. Colonists did not begin to grow apart from Britain until they participated in Englands North American wars with the French and SpanishÂâ€"especially the French and Indian War. The colonists suffered heavyRead MoreRacism In America Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesI n the 1960’s racism was alive and well continuously gaining traction in both Australia and America, people of colour had to fight for their rights and equal education. Lucky times have changed†¦ right? Before the American Civil War, according to the 1860 census, there was a staggering 3,950,528 slaves in the US. However, thanks to the Union of States, the Civil War was won. This allowed the government to pass various acts of legislation allowing African-American people the right to work and quiteRead MoreEssay On Racism In America1326 Words   |  6 PagesRacism in America Since President Barack Obama In 2009 the first African America president was elected. Barack Obama, an American politician who served as our United States president from 2009 until 2017. During his time there has been a controversial discussion about how racism has begun its last mile. 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Racism is a belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human races determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the ideaRead More Covert Racism in America Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesCovert Racism in America Racism is still a very current issue in America today. By no means is racism as overt as it was fifty years ago with enforced segregation, but today racism is more covert and often hides behind closed doors to only strike out when least expected. Racism has been deceasing and will continue to be decreased only through education. Hopefully, one day racism will cease to exist. But, that day if possible is many years away. Racism still exists in America today. This isRead MoreRacism in America Essay3742 Words   |  15 PagesRunning head: RACISM 1 Racism in Our Society Liberty University Online HSER 509 Multicultural Issues in Human Services Dr. Lawrence Katz Betty J. 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